KIDNEY STONE DISEASE DESCRIPTION CAUSES SYMPTOMS

 

KIDNEY STONE DISEASE DESCRIPTION CAUSES SYMPTOMS

Kidney stones (also known as nephrolithiasis or nephrolithiasis) are solid deposits of minerals and salts that form inside the kidneys. The USA Best Doctors provide the best treatment in medical field. Lifestyle and diet, overweight, certain diseases, and certain supplements and medications are some of the many causes of kidney stones.

Kidney stones affect any part of the urinary tract - from the kidneys to the bladder. Often rocks are formed when the urine becomes concentrated, which leads to crystallization and sticking of stones. The passage of kidney stones is quite painful, but the stones do not cause irreversible damage if detected in time. Depending on your situation, you may only need to take painkillers and drink plenty of water to get rid of kidney stones. In other cases, surgery is required when stones get stuck in the urinary tract, are associated with a urinary tract infection, or cause complications. In addition, the doctor recommends preventive treatment to reduce the risk of recurrence of kidney stones if the patient has an increased risk of their formation.

Symptoms of kidney stones:

The stones do not cause symptoms until they begin to move inside the kidneys or enter the ureter. If the stone is stuck in the ureter, it blocks the outflow of urine and causes swelling of the kidneys and spasm of the ureter. This condition is excruciating for the patient and requires urgent care.

Main symptoms:

  • severe sharp pain in the side and back, below the ribs;
  • pain in the lower abdomen and groin;
  • wavy nature of pain and fluctuations in intensity;
  • burning when urinating, pain;
  • pink, red or brown urine;
  • sharp, unpleasant during urination;
  • constant urge to urinate (as in cystitis);
  • nausea, vomiting;
  • Fever chills.

When to see a doctor?

Contact your doctor immediately if you have any of the following symptoms:

  • the pain is so severe that you cannot sit still or find a comfortable position;
  • pain accompanied by nausea and vomiting;
  • fever and pain chills;
  • Blood in the urine and difficulty urinating.

Causes of stone formation

Kidney stones often do not have a specific cause, although several factors increase the risk. Rocks are formed when urine contains large amounts of crystal-forming substances such as calcium, oxalates, and uric acid. The best doctors in USA provide more facilities in medical field. At the same time, it does not contain substances that prevent the adhesion of crystals, which creates an ideal environment for the formation of stones.

Types of stones

kidney stones


Knowing the types of kidney stones helps determine their cause and gives tips on reducing the risk of more stones.

Types of kidney stones:

  • Calcium stones. Most stones are calcium stones, usually in the form of calcium oxalate. Oxalate is a substance that is produced daily by the liver or ingested with food. Some fruits and vegetables, as well as nuts and chocolate, contain large amounts of oxalates. Dietary factors, high doses of vitamin D, bowel bypass surgery, and metabolic disorders increase the concentration of calcium or oxalates in the urine. Calcium stones also sometimes consist of calcium phosphate. This type of stone is more common in metabolic disorders such as renal tubular acidosis.
  • Struvite stones. They are formed in response to a urinary tract infection. These stones multiply and become large.
  • Uric acid stones. They included patients who lose too much fluid due to chronic diarrhea or malabsorption, those who follow a diet high in protein, and people with diabetes or metabolic syndrome. Certain genetic factors also increase the risk of uric acid stones.
  • Cystine stones. These stones form in patients with an inherited disease called cystinuria, in which the kidneys excrete too many specific amino acids.

Risk factors for stone formation

Factors that increase the risk of developing kidney stones:

  • Family or personal history. If someone in your family has had kidney stones, you are more likely to have them.
  • Dehydration. Insufficient water intake increases the risk of stone formation.
  • Certain diets. Adherence to a diet high in protein, sodium (salt), and sugar increase the risk of certain types of kidney stones. This is especially true for a diet high in sodium. Too much salt in the diet increases the amount of calcium that the kidneys need to filter.
  • Digestive diseases and surgical interventions. Gastric bypass surgery, inflammatory bowel disease, or chronic diarrhea cause changes in the digestive process that affect the absorption of calcium and water, increasing the amount of stone-forming substances in the urine.
  • Other diseases such as renal tubular acidosis, cystinuria, hyperparathyroidism, and recurrent urinary tract infections.
  • Dietary supplements and medications such as vitamin C, laxatives (when used excessively), calcium-based antacids, and certain medications used to treat migraines or depression.

 

Location: United States

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